| Acoustics of baroque, classical and modern flutes | 
 
        
      modern flute
       | 
       
        F#4 | 
      
    
 
     | 
    
       Fingering  Acoustic schematic  Non-specialist introduction 
  to acoustic impedance  | 
  
The flutist uses the same fingering for F#4 and F#5, but changes the speed, length and shape of the jet. The first five minima can be played. All lower minima support harmonics in F#4. In F#5, only the even minima are involved.

  Sound spectrum 
  of a modern flute with a B foot played using conventional 
  fingering for F#4.
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  You can hear F#4 
  played with conventional fingering 
  by Geoffrey Collins. 
  
Alternative Fingering | 
     
      modern flute B foot | 
  
 
     | 
     
       Fingering  Acoustic schematic  Non-specialist introduction 
  to acoustic impedance  | 
  
This fingering is used in E-F# trills and in some fast passages. This is acoustically equivalent to a cross fingering (hole closed downstream of an open tone hole). The difference between the two F# fingerings is less than that between the E fingerings because the standard F# fingering is also, to a lesser extent, a cross fingering. The first three minima can be played.

  Sound spectrum of a modern flute with a B foot played using alternative 
  fingering for F#4.
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  You can hear F#4 
  played with alternative fingering 
  by Geoffrey Collins. 
| Acoustic measurements are available for these flutes - modern B, modern C, classical C, classical D, classical flared, baroque Sound clips are available for modern B, classical flared and baroque  | 
    To compare flutes, it is easiest to open a separate browser window for each instrument. |