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PHYS3031
Advanced Optics and Nuclear Physics
Students should only enrol into PHYS3050 if they have already completed PHYS3060.
All other students should enrol into PHYS3031 Advanced Optics and Nuclear Physics in 2013.
Nuclear Physics
See
also Lecture Notes
Course Outline 2011
Brief Syllabus:
Deuteron and structure of nuclear forces; Nucleon-nucleon
scattering; Shell model, Saxon-Woods and 3D oscillator potentials;
Pairing in nuclei; Isotopes, stability of nuclei; Excited
nuclear states and electromagnetic transitions;  -decay
and weak interaction; Parity nonconservation in nuclei;
Classification of elementary particles, leptons, hadrons,
and intermediate bosons; Quarks, gluons, color and confinement;
Light mesons and baryon, strangeness; Heavy quarks and heavy
mesons; Charm, beauty and truth.
Assumed
Knowledge
PHYS3010 or PHYS3210 at a credit average or above.
Course
Goals
The Nuclear Physics Course consists of two parts
a)Physics of nuclei.
b)Introduction to elementary particle physics
The first part includes the following topics:
-
Deuteron, the simplest composite nucleus. The emphasis
is placed on what we can learn about the strong nuclear
interaction from properties of the deuteron and from proton
and neutron scattering experiments.
-
Nuclear Shell Model. The model allows us to understand
and to predict various nuclear properties such as "magic
nuclei'', nuclear magnetic moments, etc.
-
Single particle and collective nuclear excitations and
electromagnetic transitions.
- -decay
which is a manifestation of the weak interaction. The decay
is very important for understanding the stability of isotopes.
-
Parity nonconservation. This effect is due to the weak
interaction, and it makes the weak interaction qualitatively
different from the strong one.
-
Elements of the theory of nuclear reactions, the emphasis
is on neutron reactions.
The second part includes the following topics:
-
Classification of elementary particles, leptons, hadrons,
and intermediate bosons.
-
Electroweak and strong interactions, conservation of lepton
and baryon numbers.
-
Light quarks, mesons and baryons, strangeness.
-
Gluons, colour and confinement.
-
Heavy quarks and associated quantum numbers (charm,
beauty, and truth), heavy mesons.
Why is Nuclear physics important?
The amount of brainpower and money invested in nuclear physics
is probably greater than that invested in all other sciences
combined. This resulted in a huge body of knowledge and
in the development of extremely powerful methods and techniques.
These methods are now used in various fields like medicine
(X-rays, isotopes, radiation, proton therapy, positron tomography,..),
condensed matter studies and biology (neutron scattering,
synchrotron radiation), technology (power stations, separation
of isotopes), etc. The same is true for theoretical methods
developed for nuclear physics, for example the modern condensed
matter theory or quantum chemistry are to a very large extent
based on methods developed for nuclear physics.
Elementary
particle physics is at the forefront of fundamental studies
of matter. The concept of the elementary particle depends
on time. Once, people believed that atoms are elementary.
Now we know that they have structure, but we consider electrons,
quarks, neutrinos, etc as elementary objects. Perhaps they
also have some internal structure?
So, the concept of an elementary particle means that it
is the most fundamental level of matter understood at the
moment which is why this is at the forefront of fundamental
research. Elementary particle physics is closely related
to astrophysics, creation of Universe and the creation of
matter in Universe.
How to succeed - Strategies for Learning
-
Follow the lectures and make sure that you understand
all the examples presented in lectures. Do not rely on
the textbook only. On the one hand, there is too much
material in the textbook and without the lecture guidance
it is practically impossible to absorb the material. On
the other hand, there are important topics missing from
the book.
-
Do not hesitate to ask questions during lectures. Your
questions are the most helpful for you, they are also
helpful for other students, and they are helpful for the
lecturer because they provide feedback.
-
Solve all assignment problems. Assignments contribute
to your mark. Even more importantly,they contribute to
your preparation for examinations.
-
Do past exams.
Textbook:
K. S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 1987.
Detailed
Syllabus
| Topic
|
Chapter |
Comparison
of typical atomic and nuclear scales
|
1.4,
3.1 |
| Deuteron,
spherical square-well approximation |
4.1 |
| Role
of Coulomb interaction in nuclei, deformation, fission
|
13.1 |
| Dependence
of strong interaction on spin |
4,
4.4 |
| Spin,
magnetic moment and parity of deuteron |
4.1 |
| Tensor
interaction and d-wave admixture in deuteron |
4.1 |
| Isospin,
Generalized Fermi statistics |
11.3 |
| General
form of effective nucleon-nucleon interaction |
4 |
| |
|
Dominance
of  =0
scattering at low energy
|
4.2 |
| Scattering
cross section, scattering amplitude, scattering phases,
and scattering length |
4.2 |
| Scattering
on a potential with shallow level, virtual level |
4.2 |
| |
|
Shell
model, self-consistent field, Saxon-Woods and 3D oscillator
potentials
|
2.4 |
| Shells,
magic nuclei |
5.1 |
| Spin-orbit
interaction |
5.1 |
| Pairing
of nucleons |
3.3 |
| |
|
Shell
model magnetic moments, Schmidt lines
|
5.1 |
Isotopes,
stability of nuclei, -decay,
 -decay,
fission
Neutron stars |
6 |
| |
|
Single
particle excitations in nuclei
|
5.1 |
| Electromagnetic
transitions, E1, M1 and E2 selection rules |
10.1-10.5 |
| Lifetimes
|
6.1,
6.2 |
| Collective
vibrations (quadrupole "phonons'') |
5.2 |
| Static
quadrupole deformation, rotational spectra |
5.2 |
| |
|
-decay
and weak interaction, Fermi theory
|
9.1,
9.2 |
| Spectrum
of -electrons,
Kurie plot, neutrino mass |
9.2,
9.3 |
Selection
rules, Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions,
forbidden decays |
9.3 |
| Electron
capture |
9 |
Parity
nonconservation, C, P, and T symmmetries,
CPT-theorem |
9.9 |
| |
|
Nuclear
reactions, mechanisms of reactions
|
11 |
| Compound
nucleus, neutron capture |
11.10,
11.12 |
| Meson
"theory'' of nuclear interaction |
17.1 |
| |
|
Classification
of elementary particles, leptons, hadrons and intermediate
bosons
|
18 |
| Interactions
of leptons, reactions, conservation of lepton number,
neutrino mixing |
18 |
| Light
quarks, u,d,s; Baryons and mesons, strangeness |
18 |
| Isospin
vs strangeness diagrams for quarks |
18 |
| |
|
Quantum
numbers of 
and 
mesons,
decays of the mesons, gluons
|
18 |
| Strange
pseudoscalar mesons, quark masses |
18 |
Approximate
SU(3) flavour symmetry and
S-T3 diagrams for pseudoscalar and vector
mesons |
18 |
S-T3
diagrams for spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 baryons,
 -,
++
and  -,
the problem with the Pauli exclusion principle |
18 |
| |
|
Colour,
gluons, Quantum Chromodynamics, difference between flavour
and colour
|
18 |
Heavy
quarks, charm, beauty, and truth,
Mesons with hidden charm (beauty, truth)
Mesons with open charm (beauty, truth) |
18 |
Further
Information
For
more information about PHYS3050 contact:
Advanced Optics
Lecturer:
This course develops
the foundations of modern optics from a physical basis.
The course covers three major themes: far-field diffraction,
near-field diffraction and the theory of coherence. All
of these themes are treated from the perspective of fourier
theory which is also applicable to other areas of wave physics.
The course also includes a revision of geometric optics
with an emphasis on computer-based methods for ray tracing
and design of optical systems. Included in the material
are analyses of: fresnel lenses; phase contrast microscopy;
holography; optical fibres; telescopes; image enhancement;
and fourier filtering. The fundamental material covered
in the course has many practical applications including
modern optoelectronics, optical communications and image
processing.
Assessment:
- Final Exam 65%
- Assignments 20%
- Midsession Test 15%
Textbook:
- E. Hecht & A. Zajac,
"Optics" (Addison-Wesley 1974).
Reference:
- R. Guenther, "Modern Optics"
(John Wiley July 1994).
Geometrical Optics |
5-5.2 |
|
|
Ray tracing |
Issued sheets |
|
|
Fraunhofer Diffraction
and Interference |
|
Using Fourier Transform
Approach |
|
|
|
Optical transforms of
one- and two-dimensional |
11.1 to 11.2.3 |
apertures, including
regular arrays. The phase |
11.3.2 to 11.3.3 |
problem. Abbe's theory
of imaging. Spatial |
14.1 to 14.1.3 |
filtering. Image processing. |
+ issued sheets |
|
|
Fresnel Diffraction |
|
|
|
Zones, vibration curves,
circular apertures, zone |
10.3.1 to 10.3.11 |
plates, Fresnel integrals,
rectangular apertures, |
|
Cornu spiral, obstacles,
Babinet's Principle. |
|
|
|
Kirchhoff's Scalar Diffraction
Theory |
10.4+Appendix 2 |
|
|
Optical Coherence |
|
|
|
Coherence length and
time, spectral distribution. |
Chapter 12 |
Auto- and cross-correlation.
Mutual coherence, degree of coherence. Temporal
and spatial |
11.5.4 |
coherence. Stellar interferometers
and star |
|
diameters. |
|
Further
Information
For more information
about PHYS3060 contact:
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